Bearing clearance is the value of displacement of one ring of an assembled bearing relative to the other ring from one extreme position to another. The displacement can be in the radial direction (radial clearance) or in the axial direction (axial clearance).
As a rule, we find a smaller radial clearance in a mounted bearing than the same bearing has in an unmounted state. The reduction of radial clearance is caused by the amount of interference of the bearing rings on the shaft and in the housing bore and is therefore dependent on the chosen tolerance of the seating surface diameters. Another change in radial clearance, especially its reduction, occurs during operation due to the temperature generated by the bearing's own operation and external sources, but also from elastic deformations caused by load. The bearing condition under steady-state operating conditions is decisive. A small preload between the balls and raceways usually does not have a harmful effect.
Cylindrical roller, tapered roller and spherical roller bearings have greater stiffness and therefore should have a small operating clearance, which is necessary for safe and reliable operation, especially under heavy operating conditions. If a particularly high stiffness of the arrangement is required, e.g. for machine tools, bearings are mounted with a preload.
For bearings of normal design, the clearance is determined so that one of the bearing rings can be firmly mounted, which is sufficient for most operating conditions in the arrangement. For special mounting cases with different requirements for radial clearance, bearings are manufactured with different radial clearances designated C1 to C5.
Source: www.zkl.cz
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